First Female Speaker of the House of Representatives
Nancy Pelosi, née Nancy Patricia D'Alesandro, (born March 26, 1940, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.), American Democratic politician who was a congresswoman from California in the U.S. House of Representatives (1987– ), where she served as the get-go female person speaker (2007–11 and 2019– ). Her other notable posts included Business firm minority leader (2003–07 and 2011–19).
D'Alesandro—whose father, Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr., was a politico and New Deal Democrat—studied political science at Trinity College in Washington, D.C., graduating with a bachelor's caste in 1962. The following year she married Paul Pelosi, and the couple moved to New York. Five children and six years later, the family settled in San Francisco, where Pelosi worked as a volunteer Democratic organizer. Earning a reputation as a highly effective fund-raiser, she rose through the ranks, serving on the Democratic National Committee and as chair of both the California Democratic Political party (1981–83) and the host commission for the 1984 Autonomous National Convention in San Francisco. Along the mode, Pelosi befriended longtime U.Southward. Rep. Phil Burton. Burton died in 1983 and was succeeded by his wife, Sala, who, shortly earlier her decease in 1987, urged Pelosi to run for the seat. She narrowly won a special election and was reelected in 1988 to a total term. Pelosi easily won subsequent elections in her overwhelmingly Autonomous district.
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Pelosi developed a reputation equally a shrewd politician, and she steadily rose inside the party, becoming minority whip in 2002. Later that year she was elected minority leader, and, when she took office in 2003, she became the first woman to lead a political party in Congress. Using what she referred to as her "mother of five" voice, Pelosi began pushing for unity among the diverse factions within her party by embracing conservatives and moderates. Still, Pelosi continued to vote consistently in favour of such liberal causes as gun command and abortion rights, opposed welfare reform, and bandage a vote confronting the Republic of iraq War. Her criticism of Pres. George Due west. Bush could be harsh; she once characterized him as an "incompetent leader." Her critics in turn claimed that her "left coast," left-wing politics put her out of affect with near of the land.
Following the midterm elections in November 2006, the Democrats gained a majority in the House of Representatives. On January 4, 2007, Pelosi was elected speaker of the House of the 110th Congress. After Democrat Barack Obama causeless the presidency in 2009, Pelosi was a vocal supporter of many of his policies, helping to shepherd through his $787 billion stimulus package in February 2009 and playing an instrumental part in the more than-than-yearlong effort to secure health care reform, which ultimately passed in March 2010. The historic bill extended health care to some 30 million previously uninsured Americans and prohibited insurers from denying coverage to those with preexisting atmospheric condition.
Pelosi'due south popularity declined, however, as the economy continued to struggle and equally opposition to legislation she had championed—notably health care reform and the stimulus package—increased. In the atomic number 82-up to the 2010 midterm elections, she became a target of Republican attacks and a rallying indicate for Tea Partiers, who were keen to turn the elections into a plebiscite on the Autonomous agenda. The Democrats fared poorly in the Nov elections and lost control of the Business firm. Despite calls for new political party leadership, Pelosi was elected to serve every bit minority leader in the side by side Congress. She connected in that post every bit Democrats failed to regain control of the House in several subsequent elections. Their lackluster balloter functioning, peculiarly with working-class voters, lead to unrest among House Democrats, and, subsequently Republican Donald Trump was elected president in 2016, Tim Ryan from Ohio challenged Pelosi for minority leader. Pelosi ultimately prevailed.
The 2022 midterm elections saw a massive resurgence for the Democrats as they regained control of the House. Every bit calls connected for leadership changes, Pelosi made various concessions, notably accepting term limits, and in January 2022 she was officially elected speaker, becoming the first person in more than than lx years to serve nonconsecutive terms in the mail. Pelosi's political skills were too on display as she dealt with a government shutdown that had begun in late December. At upshot was funding for a border wall, one of Trump'due south key campaign pledges. Pelosi united her party in opposition to the president, who vowed to continue the government closed until he received billions for the proposed wall. Citing security concerns, Pelosi refused to allow Trump to agree the almanac State of the Union in the House chambers while the regime was airtight. In late January Trump finally agreed to end the shutdown, which was the longest to date, even though he had failed to secure the necessary funding. Pelosi drew detail praise for her handling of the situation.
During this time Pelosi faced calls from within her party to launch impeachment proceedings against Trump. These escalated in March 2022 when special counsel Robert Mueller concluded his investigation into allegations of Russian interference in the 2022 election. Although Mueller reached no legal conclusions, critics of Trump believed that the findings supported impeachment, while the president's supporters claimed that he had been exonerated. Pelosi was initially reluctant to move on impeachment, but in September 2022 information technology was publicly revealed that a whistle-blower had filed a complaint alleging that Trump had withheld aid to Ukraine in order to pressure the state into opening a corruption investigation into Joe Biden, a political rival. Later that month Pelosi opened a formal impeachment inquiry in the House. The investigation concluded in early December 2019, and several weeks after the Business firm voted to impeach the president. However, Pelosi delayed sending the articles of impeachment to the Senate until Jan. The motion was seen as an attempt to secure certain weather for the Senate trial, and its consequence was debated. In February 2022 the Senate acquitted Trump.
Nancy Pelosi, 2019.
© Sheila Fitzgerald/Dreamstime.comDuring this time the coronavirus was spreading around the world, eventually becoming a pandemic. In March 2020, as deaths in the United States began to mountain, businesses and schools started to close, and the economy entered an economic downturn that soon rivaled the Not bad Depression. That month Pelosi helped secure the passage of a $two trillion relief bundle, the largest stimulus neb in U.Due south. history. As the pandemic worsened in the country, she blamed the president—going so far as to call it the "Trump virus"—alleging that he had mishandled the authorities response.
In the 2022 ballot Trump was defeated by Biden, the Democratic presidential candidate, and the Democrats maintained a slim bulk in the House. Pelosi was elected to another term as speaker in 2021. During this time Trump contested the results of the presidential ballot, repeatedly alleging voter fraud despite the lack of evidence to support his claims. On January 6, 2021, his supporters stormed the Capitol every bit Congress was in the process of certifying Biden's victory. Many accused Trump of encouraging the assail, and Pelosi demanded his removal from office. To that end, she oversaw the passage of a Firm resolution that called on Vice Pres. Mike Pence to invoke the Xx-fifth Amendment. After he refused, Pelosi launched impeachment proceedings, charging Trump with "incitement of insurrection." The House voted to impeach Trump on January 13, 2021, a week earlier the stop of his term. However, the Senate afterwards acquitted him.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica This article was most recently revised and updated by Amy Tikkanen.
Source: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nancy-Pelosi
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